Utilizing li-ion batteries, local and remote energy management systems (EMS), commercial and industrial energy storage systems can balance and optimize power supply and demand for the grid, batteries and loads. It also allows for easy access to new energy sources such as PV, enhancing feasibility for peak-valley pricing, expansion of distribution network capacity, and electrical security and power quality. At the same time, it is a key tool to enable the deployment of smart grids. It is widely adopted in commercial complexes, factories, hospitals, data centers and other areas.